mp-level-set: Parameter description

Contents


πŸ”· base

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

case name

string

not_initialized

Sets the base name for the application that will be fed to the problem type.

dimension

integer

2

Defines the dimension of the problem

number

string

double

Floating point number format. Currently, only β€˜double’ is explicitely instantiated.

Allowed values:
- double

global refinements

integer

1

Defines the number of initial global refinements

do print parameters

boolean

True

Set this parameter to true to list parameters in output

verbosity level

integer

1

Sets the verbosity level of the console output: 0: silent: for non-robust tests and benchmark runs; 1: minimal: for robust tests; 2: detailed; 3: full

fe

object

See table

base: fe

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

FE_Q

Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- FE_Q
- FE_SimplexP
- FE_Q_iso_Q1
- FE_DGQ

degree

integer

1

Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If β€œtype” is β€œFE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.


πŸ”· time stepping

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

start time

number

0.0

Defines the start time for the solution of the levelset problem

end time

number

1.0

Sets the end time for the solution of the levelset problem

time step size

number

0.01

Sets the step size for time stepping. For non-uniform time stepping, this parameter determines the size of the first time step.

max n steps

integer

10000000

Sets the maximum number of melt_pool steps

time step size function

string

0.0*t

Set an analytical function to determine the time step size. For the prediction of the new time increment, the old time is used.


πŸ”· adaptive meshing

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

do amr

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to activate adaptive meshing

do not modify boundary cells

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to not refine/coarsen along boundaries.

upper perc to refine

number

0.0

Defines the (upper) percentage of elements that should be refined

lower perc to coarsen

number

0.0

Defines the (lower) percentage of elements that should be coarsened

max grid refinement level

integer

12

Defines the number of maximum refinement steps one grid cell will be undergone.

min grid refinement level

integer

-1

Defines the number of minimum refinement steps one grid cell will be undergone.

n initial refinement cycles

integer

0

Defines the number of initial refinements.

every n step

integer

1

Defines at every nth step the amr should be performed.

min cells marked to refine

integer

1

Minimum number of cells that must be marked for refinement/coarsening before the mesh is updated.

min indicator threshold to refine cell

number

0.0

Minimum indicator value required for a cell to be considered for refinement.

solution transfer average values

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to average the contribututions to the same DoF coming from different cells during solution transfer.


πŸ”· level set

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

fe

object

See table

do localized heaviside

boolean

True

Determine if the heaviside representation of the level set should be calculated as a localized function, being exactly 0 and 1 outside of the interface region.

gradient error evaluation distance cell proportion

number

3.0

Factor how many cell diameters away the gradient error should be evaluated

nearest point

object

See table

advection diffusion

object

See table

normal vector

object

See table

curvature

object

See table

reinitialization

object

See table

level set: fe

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

not_initialized

Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- FE_Q
- FE_SimplexP
- FE_Q_iso_Q1
- FE_DGQ

degree

integer

-1

Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If β€œtype” is β€œFE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: nearest point

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

max iter

integer

20

Maximum number of corrections of the point projection towards the interface.

rel tol

number

1e-06

Relative tolerance to be achieved within the projection.

narrow band threshold

number

-1.0

Maximum value of the level set for defining narrow band where CPP is performed.

type

string

closest_point_normal

Choose the type for calculating the nearest point to the interface.

Allowed values:
- closest_point_normal
- closest_point_normal_collinear
- closest_point_normal_collinear_coquerelle
- nearest_point
- nearest_point_fast

verbosity level

integer

0

Set the verbosity level.

marching cube

object

See table

level set: nearest point: marching cube

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

n subdivisions

integer

3

Specify the number of subdivisions to create a quadrature rule with n_subdivisions+1 equally-positioned quadrature points.

tol

number

1e-10

Absolute tolerance specifying the minimum distance between a vertex and the cut point so that a line is considered cut.

level set: advection diffusion

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

fe

object

See table

convection stabilization

object

See table

diffusivity

number

0.0

Defines the diffusivity for the advection diffusion equation

implementation

string

meltpooldg

Choose the corresponding implementation of the advection diffusion operation.

Allowed values:
- meltpooldg
- adaflo

enable time dependent bc

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to enable time-dependent bc.

predictor

object

See table

linear solver

object

See table

time integration

object

See table

level set: advection diffusion: fe

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

not_initialized

Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- FE_Q
- FE_SimplexP
- FE_Q_iso_Q1
- FE_DGQ

degree

integer

-1

Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If β€œtype” is β€œFE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: advection diffusion: convection stabilization

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

none

Defines the type for convection stabilization.

Allowed values:
- none
- SUPG

coefficient

number

-1.0

Defines the stabilization coefficient for convection. (default velocity-dependent).

level set: advection diffusion: predictor

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

none

Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP)

Allowed values:
- none
- zero
- linear_extrapolation
- least_squares_projection

n old solutions

integer

2

Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: advection diffusion: linear solver

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

solver type

string

GMRES

Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type.

Allowed values:
- CG
- GMRES

preconditioner type

string

Diagonal

Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type.

Allowed values:
- Identity
- AMG
- ILU
- Diagonal

max iterations

integer

10000

Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.

rel tolerance

number

1e-12

Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

abs tolerance

number

1e-20

Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

do matrix free

boolean

True

Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.

monitor type

string

none

Set the monitor type of the linear solver.

Allowed values:
- none
- reduced
- all

level set: advection diffusion: time integration

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

crank_nicolson

Name of the time integration scheme.

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- LSRK_stage_1_order_1
- LSRK_stage_3_order_3
- LSRK_stage_5_order_4
- LSRK_stage_7_order_4
- LSRK_stage_9_order_5
- implicit_euler
- explicit_euler
- crank_nicolson
- bdf_1
- bdf_2
- bdf_3
- bdf_4
- bdf_5
- bdf_6
- imex

preconditioner update frequency

integer

100

Frequency at which the preconditioner gets updated.

nlsolve

object

See table

linear solver

object

See table

level set: advection diffusion: time integration: nlsolve

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

max nonlinear iterations

integer

10

Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with standard tolerances.

field correction tolerance

number

1e-10

Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.

residual tolerance

number

1e-09

Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.

max nonlinear iterations alt

integer

0

Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with alternative tolerances.

field correction tolerance alt

number

1e-09

Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.

residual tolerance alt

number

1e-08

Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.

verbosity level

integer

-1

Set to one for detailed solver output.

level set: advection diffusion: time integration: linear solver

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

solver type

string

GMRES

Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type.

Allowed values:
- CG
- GMRES

preconditioner type

string

Identity

Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type.

Allowed values:
- Identity
- AMG
- ILU
- Diagonal

max iterations

integer

10000

Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.

rel tolerance

number

1e-12

Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

abs tolerance

number

1e-20

Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

do matrix free

boolean

True

Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.

monitor type

string

none

Set the monitor type of the linear solver.

Allowed values:
- none
- reduced
- all

level set: normal vector

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

filter parameter

number

2.0

normal vector computation: damping = (cell size)Β² * filter parameter

implementation

string

meltpooldg

Choose the corresponding implementation of the normal vector operation.

Allowed values:
- meltpooldg
- adaflo

verbosity level

integer

-1

Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output. The maximum level with respect to the base value is decisive.

compute normalized vector

boolean

False

If set to true, the normal vector resulting from the filtering equation will be a unit vector.

narrow band

object

See table

predictor

object

See table

linear solver

object

See table

Discontinous Galerkin

object

See table

level set: normal vector: narrow band

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to compute the normal vector only in the interfacial region.

level set threshold

number

1.0

If narrow band is enabled to true this parameter determines the level set treshold for the narrow band.

level set: normal vector: predictor

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

none

Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP)

Allowed values:
- none
- zero
- linear_extrapolation
- least_squares_projection

n old solutions

integer

2

Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: normal vector: linear solver

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

solver type

string

CG

Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type.

Allowed values:
- CG
- GMRES

preconditioner type

string

Diagonal

Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type.

Allowed values:
- Identity
- AMG
- ILU
- Diagonal

max iterations

integer

10000

Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.

rel tolerance

number

1e-12

Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

abs tolerance

number

1e-20

Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

do matrix free

boolean

True

Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.

monitor type

string

none

Set the monitor type of the linear solver.

Allowed values:
- none
- reduced
- all

level set: normal vector: Discontinous Galerkin

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

penalty factor

number

100.0

Set the jump penalty factor of the diffusion term

level set: curvature

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

True

Set this parameter to true if curvature should be computed. This is required in case of surface tension forces.

do curvature correction

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true if the curvature value at the discrete interface i.e. where the level set is 0, should be extended to the interface region.

filter parameter

number

2.0

curvature computation: damping = (cell size)Β² * filter parameter

implementation

string

meltpooldg

Choose the corresponding implementation of the curvature operation.

Allowed values:
- meltpooldg
- adaflo

verbosity level

integer

-1

Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output. The maximum level with respect to the base value is decisive.

narrow band

object

See table

Discontinous Galerkin

object

See table

predictor

object

See table

linear solver

object

See table

level set: curvature: narrow band

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to compute the normal vector only in the interfacial region.

level set threshold

number

1.0

If narrow band is enabled to true this parameter determines the level set treshold for the narrow band.

level set: curvature: Discontinous Galerkin

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

penalty factor

number

100.0

Set the jump penalty factor of the diffusion term

level set: curvature: predictor

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

none

Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP)

Allowed values:
- none
- zero
- linear_extrapolation
- least_squares_projection

n old solutions

integer

2

Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: curvature: linear solver

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

solver type

string

CG

Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type.

Allowed values:
- CG
- GMRES

preconditioner type

string

Diagonal

Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type.

Allowed values:
- Identity
- AMG
- ILU
- Diagonal

max iterations

integer

10000

Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.

rel tolerance

number

1e-12

Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

abs tolerance

number

1e-20

Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

do matrix free

boolean

True

Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.

monitor type

string

none

Set the monitor type of the linear solver.

Allowed values:
- none
- reduced
- all

level set: reinitialization

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

fe

object

See table

predictor

object

See table

linear solver

object

See table

enable

boolean

True

Set to true to activate reinitialization.

type

string

olsson2007

Sets the type of reinitialization model that should be used.

Allowed values:
- olsson2007
- elliptic
- geometric

interface thickness parameter

object

See table

elliptic

object

See table

geometric

object

See table

hyperbolic

object

See table

level set: reinitialization: fe

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

not_initialized

Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- FE_Q
- FE_SimplexP
- FE_Q_iso_Q1
- FE_DGQ

degree

integer

-1

Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If β€œtype” is β€œFE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: reinitialization: predictor

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

none

Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP)

Allowed values:
- none
- zero
- linear_extrapolation
- least_squares_projection

n old solutions

integer

2

Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: reinitialization: linear solver

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

solver type

string

CG

Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type.

Allowed values:
- CG
- GMRES

preconditioner type

string

Diagonal

Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type.

Allowed values:
- Identity
- AMG
- ILU
- Diagonal

max iterations

integer

10000

Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.

rel tolerance

number

1e-12

Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

abs tolerance

number

1e-20

Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.

do matrix free

boolean

True

Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.

monitor type

string

none

Set the monitor type of the linear solver.

Allowed values:
- none
- reduced
- all

level set: reinitialization: interface thickness parameter

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

proportional_to_cell_size

Choose the value type of the interface thickness parameter.

Allowed values:
- proportional_to_cell_size
- absolute_value
- number_of_cells_across_interface

val

number

0.5

Defines the value of the chosen interface thickness parameter type.

level set: reinitialization: elliptic

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

penalty parameter

number

0.0

Penalty parameter for the enforcement of the initial position of the zero level-set iso-surface during the elliptic reinitialization.

fixed point iteration

object

See table

level set: reinitialization: elliptic: fixed point iteration

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

max n steps

integer

5

Sets the maximum number of fixed point iterations.

tolerance

number

2.22507e-308

Set the tolerance for reinitialization. If the maximum change of the level set field exceeds the tolerance, reinitialization steps will be performed.

level set: reinitialization: geometric

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

verbosity

integer

0

Choose the verbosity level. 0 means silent, 1 means verbose.

max distance

number

1.61792e+308

Maximum distance from the zero-level-set where the signeddistance function is reconstructed.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

pseudo time stepping

object

See table

Continuous Galerkin

object

See table

Discontinuous Galerkin

object

See table

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: pseudo time stepping

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

n initial steps

integer

-1

Defines the number of initial reinitialization steps of the level set function. In the default case, the number is set equal to the number of max n steps.

pseudo time step size

number

-1.0

Sets the reinitialization time step size. By default, it is computed from the cell size.

pseudo time step factor

number

1.0

Factor on the reinitialization time step size that is computed from the cell size.

max n steps

integer

5

Sets the maximum number of reinitialization steps.

tolerance

number

2.22507e-308

Set the tolerance for reinitialization. If the maximum change of the level set field exceeds the tolerance, reinitialization steps will be performed.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: Continuous Galerkin

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

implementation

string

meltpooldg

Choose the corresponding implementation of the reinitialization operation.

Allowed values:
- meltpooldg
- adaflo

tangential diffusion factor

number

0.0

Factor that multiplies the normal diffusion factor, i.e., the diffusion length, to obtain the diffusion factor in the tangential direction.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: Discontinuous Galerkin

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

factor diffusivity

number

0.25

Set the factor for diffusivity.

IP diffusion

number

100.0

Set the internal penalty for diffusivity.

use const gradient in RI

boolean

False

Set if the Godunov gradient should be updated every reinitialization step.

do CFL based time stepping

boolean

False

Sets a flag if the time stepping should be based on the CFL condition.

time integration scheme

string

LSRK_stage_5_order_4

Determines the general time integration scheme for the pseudo-time integration of the reinitialization equation.

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- LSRK_stage_1_order_1
- LSRK_stage_3_order_3
- LSRK_stage_5_order_4
- LSRK_stage_7_order_4
- LSRK_stage_9_order_5
- implicit_euler
- explicit_euler
- crank_nicolson
- bdf_1
- bdf_2
- bdf_3
- bdf_4
- bdf_5
- bdf_6
- imex

IMEX integration scheme

string

not_initialized

If an IMEX integration scheme is specified, the integration in pseudo time of the reinitialization is done with an implicit-explicit scheme. This means that the diffusion part is treated with the IMEX integration scheme and the Hamiltonian is treated with the general time integration scheme. When choosing an implicit scheme with A-stability, larger time steps can be chosen, only limited by the stability of the Hamiltonian part. This is done since the diffusion part is the most restrictive part for explicit time integration schemes. If a scheme is set, the time step calculation based on a CFL number assumes an A-stable scheme and only calculates the time step based on the Hamiltonian.

Allowed values:
- not_initialized
- LSRK_stage_1_order_1
- LSRK_stage_3_order_3
- LSRK_stage_5_order_4
- LSRK_stage_7_order_4
- LSRK_stage_9_order_5
- implicit_euler
- explicit_euler
- crank_nicolson
- bdf_1
- bdf_2
- bdf_3
- bdf_4
- bdf_5
- bdf_6
- imex

CFL

number

1.0

Set a CFL number for the pseudo-time stepping in reinitialization.

avoid zero division smoothed signum

number

1e-16

Sets a constant to avoid zero division in the computation of the smoothed signum.

signum smoothness paramater

number

2.0

Sets the smoothness parameter for the smoothed signum.

use directed diffusion stabilization

boolean

False

Sets a flag if directed diffusion stabilization should be used for reinitialization.

hyperbolic weighting function_type

string

smoothed_signum

Sets the type of weighting function for the hyperbolic part of the reinitialization equation.

Allowed values:
- smoothed_signum
- initial_levelset

use spatially constant diffusion

boolean

True

Sets a flag if a spatially constant diffusion should be used for reinitialization.

use interface movement penalization

boolean

False

Sets a flag if a penalization of the interface movement should be used.

gradient error time derivative threshold

number

1e-16

Sets the threshold in the time derivative when a reinitialization procedure reaches a stationary point.


πŸ”· output

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

directory

string

./

Sets the base directory for all output.

write frequency

integer

1

Every n timestep that should be written

write time step size

number

1.79769e+308

Write output output every given time step. If this parameter is set, the output write frequency is deactivated.

output variables

string

all

Specify variables that you request to output.

do user defined postprocessing

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to enable user defined postprocessing.

paraview

object

See table

particles

object

See table

output: paraview

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to activate paraview output.

filename

string

solution

Sets the base name for paraview output files.

n digits timestep

integer

4

Number of digits for the frame number of the vtu-file.

print boundary id

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to output a vtu-file with the boundary id.

output subdomains

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to output the subdomain ranks.

output material id

boolean

False

Set to true to output the material id.

write higher order cells

boolean

True

Set this parameter to false to write bi- or trilinear data only. Set this parameter to true to write higher order cell data. Note: higher order cell data can only be written for hexahedron meshes and 2 or 3 dimensions.

n groups

integer

1

Number of parallel written vtu-files.

n patches

integer

0

Control number of patches to enable high-order.

output: particles

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to activate particle paraview output.

filename

string

particle

Sets the base name for particle output files.


πŸ”· profiling

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true if profiling should be enabled. It will be automaticallyenabled for verbosity level >=1.

write time step size

number

10.0

Write profiling output every given time step size. If this parameter is set, the specified parameter for write frequency is overwritten.

time type

string

real

Choose the type of time measure to write profiling information.

Allowed values:
- real
- simulation


πŸ”· evaporation

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

evaporative mass flux model

string

analytical

Choose the formulation how the evaporative mass flux mDot (kg/(m2s)) will be calculated.

Allowed values:
- analytical
- recoil_pressure
- saturated_vapor_pressure
- hardt_wondra
- pressure_aware

interface temperature evaluation type

string

local_value

Choose the formulation how the (local) evaporative mass flux will be converted to a DoF vector.will be calculated. When the CutFEM heat transfer operator is used, this input parameter is ignored and the temperature is evaluated at the sharp interface which is equivalent to β€œsharp”.

Allowed values:
- local_value
- interface_value

analytical

object

See table

hardt wondra

object

See table

pressure aware

object

See table

evaporative dilation rate

object

See table

evaporative cooling

object

See table

recoil pressure

object

See table

formulation source term level set

string

interface_velocity_local

Select the type how the evaporative mass flux should be considered in the level set equation.

Allowed values:
- interface_velocity_sharp
- interface_velocity_sharp_heavy
- interface_velocity_local
- rhs

do level set pressure gradient interpolation

boolean

False

Set if the level set gradient for computing the delta function within the evaporative mass flux source terms should be computed based on an interpolation to the pressure space. This is only implemented for evapor_level_set_source_term_type = rhs.

evaporation: analytical

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

function

string

not_initialized

For evapor evaporation model == analytical, prescribe a spatially constant mass flux due to evaporation (SI unit in kg/mΒ²s), as a function over time t , e.g. min(2.*t,0.01).

evaporation: hardt wondra

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

coefficient

number

0.0

Evaporation coefficient for the model by Hardt and Wondra.

evaporation: pressure aware

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

Km

string

``

Fitting parameters for the evaporative mass flux function with pressure-aware boundary conditions.

ambient gas pressure

number

0.0

Ambient gas pressure for the pressure-aware model.

evaporation: evaporative dilation rate

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to consider the evaporative dilation rate in the Navier-Stokes equation. This results in an evaporation-induced jump in the normal velocity component.

model

string

regularized

Select how the additional source term due to evaporation in the continuity equation (=evaporative dilation rate) is computed.

Allowed values:
- regularized
- sharp

evaporation: evaporative cooling

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to consider evaporative cooling in the heat equation

enable linear activation ramp

boolean

True

Enable a linear activation ramp for evaporative cooling between the activation temperature and the boiling temperature. If enabled, the mass flux increases smoothly and linearly within this temperature range. Otherwise, the mass flux is computed directly without applying a ramp.

consider enthalpy transport vapor mass flux

string

default

Set this parameter to true to account for the enthalpy transported by the vapor mass flux in the heat equation. This is only recommended if the vapor mass flux is not considered in the Navier-Stokes equations.

Allowed values:
- default
- true
- false

activation temperature

number

-1e+100

Activation temperature for the evaporative cooling. It must be smaller than or equal to the boiling temperature. By default, it will be chosen such that the transition from the linear activation ramp is kink-free.

model

string

regularized

Select how the additional source term due to evaporation in the heat equation (evaporative cooling) is computed.

Allowed values:
- none
- regularized
- sharp
- sharp_conforming

dirac delta function approximation

object

See table

evaporation: evaporative cooling: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

norm_of_indicator_gradient

Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface.

Allowed values:
- norm_of_indicator_gradient
- heaviside_phase_weighted
- heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted
- reciprocal_phase_weighted
- reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted
- heavy_phase_only

auto weights

boolean

False

Choose if weights should be computed automatically.

gas phase weight

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).

heavy phase weight

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).

gas phase weight 2

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).

heavy phase weight 2

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

evaporation: recoil pressure

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

enable

boolean

False

Set this parameter to true to prescribe the evaporation-induced jump in the pressure field (i.e. recoil pressure), considered as an interfacial force in the momentum balance equation.If β€˜evaporative dilation rate’ is enabled, this pressure jump will be added to the one resulting from the discontinuous normal velocity field.

enable linear activation ramp

boolean

True

Enable a linear activation ramp for recoil pressure between the activation temperature and the boiling temperature. If enabled, the recoil pressure increases smoothly and linearly within this temperature range. Otherwise, the recoil pressure is computed directly without applying a ramp.

subtract ambient pressure

boolean

False

Subtract ambient pressure from the recoil pressure. This can be used to ensure that the recoil pressure is zero at the boiling temperature.

ambient gas pressure

number

101300.0

Ambient gas pressure for the recoil pressure model.

pressure coefficient

number

0.55

Pressure coefficient for the recoil pressure model.

temperature constant

number

-1.0

Temperature constant for the recoil pressure model. If this parameter is not set, the value is computed by latent_heat_evaporation * molar_mass / universal_gas_constant;

sticking constant

number

1.0

Sticking constant.

interface distributed flux type

string

local_value

Type that determines how the recoil pressure force is computed in the interfacial zone.

Allowed values:
- local_value
- interface_value

activation temperature

number

-1e+100

Activation temperature for the recoil pressure. It must be smaller than or equal to the boiling temperature. As default value, the boiling temperature is chosen.

dirac delta function approximation

object

See table

type

string

phenomenological

Choose the model to compute the recoil pressure coefficient: phenomenological or hybrid, in case there is also an evaporation-induced velocity jump.

Allowed values:
- phenomenological
- hybrid
- pressure_aware

pressure aware

object

See table

evaporation: recoil pressure: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

type

string

norm_of_indicator_gradient

Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface.

Allowed values:
- norm_of_indicator_gradient
- heaviside_phase_weighted
- heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted
- reciprocal_phase_weighted
- reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted
- heavy_phase_only

auto weights

boolean

False

Choose if weights should be computed automatically.

gas phase weight

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).

heavy phase weight

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).

gas phase weight 2

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).

heavy phase weight 2

number

1.0

If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

evaporation: recoil pressure: pressure aware

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

Kp

string

``

Fitting parameters for the recoil pressure calculation with pressure-aware boundary conditions.

ambient gas pressure

number

0.0

Ambient gas pressure for the pressure-aware model.


πŸ”· material

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

material template

string

none

If this parameter is initialized, the material parameters of the specified material will be used as template. Individual properties can be modified. However, be aware to put in the first place of the section in these cases.

Allowed values:
- none
- stainless_steel
- Ti64
- Ti64Benchmark

gas

object

See table

liquid

object

See table

solid

object

See table

solidus temperature

number

0.0

Solidus temperature (K).

liquidus temperature

number

0.0

Liquidus temperature (K).

apparent capacity type

string

qlq

Function type for the apparent capacity method to model latent heat during solidification. constant: apparent capacity is constant between the solidus and liquidus temperature; qlq: apparent capacity is given by a quadratic/quadratic function of temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperature (default); poly4_bell: apparent capacity is given by a bell-shaped quartic polynomial function of temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperature.

Allowed values:
- poly4_bell
- constant
- qlq

latent heat of fusion

number

0.0

Latent heat of fusion (J/kg)

boiling temperature

number

0.0

Boiling temperature (K).

latent heat of evaporation

number

0.0

Latent heat of evaporation (J/kg).

molar mass

number

0.0

Molar mass (mol/kg).

specific enthalpy reference temperature

number

-1e+100

Reference temperature of the specific enthalpy

two phase fluid properties transition type

string

smooth

Choose how to interpolate the properties over the interface. sharp: properties jump at heaviside = 0.5; smooth: properties are smeared between the phases proportional to the heaviside (default); consistent_with_evaporation: same as β€œsmooth”, but the density is interpolated proportional by the harmonic mean.

Allowed values:
- sharp
- smooth
- consistent_with_evaporation

solid liquid properties transition type

string

mushy_zone

Choose how to interpolate the properties over between the liquid and the solid phase. mushy_zone: solid and liquid properties are interpolated between the solidus and liquidus temperature (default); sharp: the solid and liquid properties jump at the melting point, which is set via the solidus temperature.

Allowed values:
- mushy_zone
- sharp

material: gas

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

thermal conductivity

number

0.0

thermal conductivity of the gas phase

specific heat capacity

number

0.0

specific heat capacity of the gas phase

density

number

0.0

density of the gas phase

dynamic viscosity

number

0.0

dynamic viscosity of the gas phase

material: liquid

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

thermal conductivity

number

0.0

thermal conductivity of the liquid phase

specific heat capacity

number

0.0

specific heat capacity of the liquid phase

density

number

0.0

density of the liquid phase

dynamic viscosity

number

0.0

dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase

material: solid

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

thermal conductivity

number

0.0

thermal conductivity of the solid phase

specific heat capacity

number

0.0

specific heat capacity of the solid phase

density

number

0.0

density of the solid phase

dynamic viscosity

number

0.0

dynamic viscosity of the solid phase


πŸ”· amr

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

strategy

string

generic

Select the AMR strategy.

Allowed values:
- generic
- refine_all_interface_cells