mp-melt-pool: Parameter description

Contents

• base

• time stepping

• adaptive meshing

• level set

• heat

• laser

• rte

• flow

• evaporation

• material

• output

• profiling

• restart

• melt front propagation

• application specific

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🔷 base

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
case name	string	not_initialized	Sets the base name for the application that will be fed to the problem type.
dimension	integer	2	Defines the dimension of the problem
number	string	double	Floating point number format. Currently, only ‘double’ is explicitely instantiated. Allowed values: - double
global refinements	integer	1	Defines the number of initial global refinements
do print parameters	boolean	True	Set this parameter to true to list parameters in output
verbosity level	integer	1	Sets the verbosity level of the console output: 0: silent: for non-robust tests and benchmark runs; 1: minimal: for robust tests; 2: detailed; 3: full
fe	object		See table

base: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	FE_Q	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

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🔷 time stepping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
start time	number	0.0	Defines the start time for the solution of the levelset problem
end time	number	1.0	Sets the end time for the solution of the levelset problem
time step size	number	0.01	Sets the step size for time stepping. For non-uniform time stepping, this parameter determines the size of the first time step.
max n steps	integer	10000000	Sets the maximum number of melt_pool steps
time step size function	string	0.0*t	Set an analytical function to determine the time step size. For the prediction of the new time increment, the old time is used.

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🔷 adaptive meshing

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
do amr	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to activate adaptive meshing
do not modify boundary cells	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to not refine/coarsen along boundaries.
upper perc to refine	number	0.0	Defines the (upper) percentage of elements that should be refined
lower perc to coarsen	number	0.0	Defines the (lower) percentage of elements that should be coarsened
max grid refinement level	integer	12	Defines the number of maximum refinement steps one grid cell will be undergone.
min grid refinement level	integer	-1	Defines the number of minimum refinement steps one grid cell will be undergone.
n initial refinement cycles	integer	0	Defines the number of initial refinements.
every n step	integer	1	Defines at every nth step the amr should be performed.
min cells marked to refine	integer	1	Minimum number of cells that must be marked for refinement/coarsening before the mesh is updated.
min indicator threshold to refine cell	number	0.0	Minimum indicator value required for a cell to be considered for refinement.
solution transfer average values	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to average the contribututions to the same DoF coming from different cells during solution transfer.

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🔷 level set

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
fe	object		See table
do localized heaviside	boolean	True	Determine if the heaviside representation of the level set should be calculated as a localized function, being exactly 0 and 1 outside of the interface region.
gradient error evaluation distance cell proportion	number	3.0	Factor how many cell diameters away the gradient error should be evaluated
nearest point	object		See table
advection diffusion	object		See table
normal vector	object		See table
curvature	object		See table
reinitialization	object		See table

level set: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	not_initialized	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	-1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: nearest point

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
max iter	integer	20	Maximum number of corrections of the point projection towards the interface.
rel tol	number	1e-06	Relative tolerance to be achieved within the projection.
narrow band threshold	number	-1.0	Maximum value of the level set for defining narrow band where CPP is performed.
type	string	closest_point_normal	Choose the type for calculating the nearest point to the interface. Allowed values: - closest_point_normal - closest_point_normal_collinear - closest_point_normal_collinear_coquerelle - nearest_point - nearest_point_fast
verbosity level	integer	0	Set the verbosity level.
marching cube	object		See table

level set: nearest point: marching cube

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
n subdivisions	integer	3	Specify the number of subdivisions to create a quadrature rule with n_subdivisions+1 equally-positioned quadrature points.
tol	number	1e-10	Absolute tolerance specifying the minimum distance between a vertex and the cut point so that a line is considered cut.

level set: advection diffusion

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
fe	object		See table
convection stabilization	object		See table
diffusivity	number	0.0	Defines the diffusivity for the advection diffusion equation
implementation	string	meltpooldg	Choose the corresponding implementation of the advection diffusion operation. Allowed values: - meltpooldg - adaflo
enable time dependent bc	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to enable time-dependent bc.
predictor	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table
time integration	object		See table

level set: advection diffusion: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	not_initialized	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	-1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: advection diffusion: convection stabilization

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	none	Defines the type for convection stabilization. Allowed values: - none - SUPG
coefficient	number	-1.0	Defines the stabilization coefficient for convection. (default velocity-dependent).

level set: advection diffusion: predictor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	none	Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP) Allowed values: - none - zero - linear_extrapolation - least_squares_projection
n old solutions	integer	2	Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: advection diffusion: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	GMRES	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Diagonal	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

level set: advection diffusion: time integration

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	crank_nicolson	Name of the time integration scheme. Allowed values: - not_initialized - LSRK_stage_1_order_1 - LSRK_stage_3_order_3 - LSRK_stage_5_order_4 - LSRK_stage_7_order_4 - LSRK_stage_9_order_5 - implicit_euler - explicit_euler - crank_nicolson - bdf_1 - bdf_2 - bdf_3 - bdf_4 - bdf_5 - bdf_6 - imex
preconditioner update frequency	integer	100	Frequency at which the preconditioner gets updated.
nlsolve	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table

level set: advection diffusion: time integration: nlsolve

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
max nonlinear iterations	integer	10	Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with standard tolerances.
field correction tolerance	number	1e-10	Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.
residual tolerance	number	1e-09	Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.
max nonlinear iterations alt	integer	0	Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with alternative tolerances.
field correction tolerance alt	number	1e-09	Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.
residual tolerance alt	number	1e-08	Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.
verbosity level	integer	-1	Set to one for detailed solver output.

level set: advection diffusion: time integration: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	GMRES	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Identity	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

level set: normal vector

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
filter parameter	number	2.0	normal vector computation: damping = (cell size)² * filter parameter
implementation	string	meltpooldg	Choose the corresponding implementation of the normal vector operation. Allowed values: - meltpooldg - adaflo
verbosity level	integer	-1	Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output. The maximum level with respect to the base value is decisive.
compute normalized vector	boolean	False	If set to true, the normal vector resulting from the filtering equation will be a unit vector.
narrow band	object		See table
predictor	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table
Discontinous Galerkin	object		See table

level set: normal vector: narrow band

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to compute the normal vector only in the interfacial region.
level set threshold	number	1.0	If narrow band is enabled to true this parameter determines the level set treshold for the narrow band.

level set: normal vector: predictor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	none	Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP) Allowed values: - none - zero - linear_extrapolation - least_squares_projection
n old solutions	integer	2	Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: normal vector: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	CG	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Diagonal	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

level set: normal vector: Discontinous Galerkin

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
penalty factor	number	100.0	Set the jump penalty factor of the diffusion term

level set: curvature

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	True	Set this parameter to true if curvature should be computed. This is required in case of surface tension forces.
do curvature correction	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true if the curvature value at the discrete interface i.e. where the level set is 0, should be extended to the interface region.
filter parameter	number	2.0	curvature computation: damping = (cell size)² * filter parameter
implementation	string	meltpooldg	Choose the corresponding implementation of the curvature operation. Allowed values: - meltpooldg - adaflo
verbosity level	integer	-1	Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output. The maximum level with respect to the base value is decisive.
narrow band	object		See table
Discontinous Galerkin	object		See table
predictor	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table

level set: curvature: narrow band

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to compute the normal vector only in the interfacial region.
level set threshold	number	1.0	If narrow band is enabled to true this parameter determines the level set treshold for the narrow band.

level set: curvature: Discontinous Galerkin

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
penalty factor	number	100.0	Set the jump penalty factor of the diffusion term

level set: curvature: predictor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	none	Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP) Allowed values: - none - zero - linear_extrapolation - least_squares_projection
n old solutions	integer	2	Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: curvature: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	CG	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Diagonal	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

level set: reinitialization

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
fe	object		See table
predictor	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table
enable	boolean	True	Set to true to activate reinitialization.
type	string	olsson2007	Sets the type of reinitialization model that should be used. Allowed values: - olsson2007 - elliptic - geometric
interface thickness parameter	object		See table
elliptic	object		See table
geometric	object		See table
hyperbolic	object		See table

level set: reinitialization: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	not_initialized	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	-1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

level set: reinitialization: predictor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	none	Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP) Allowed values: - none - zero - linear_extrapolation - least_squares_projection
n old solutions	integer	2	Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

level set: reinitialization: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	CG	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Diagonal	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

level set: reinitialization: interface thickness parameter

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	proportional_to_cell_size	Choose the value type of the interface thickness parameter. Allowed values: - proportional_to_cell_size - absolute_value - number_of_cells_across_interface
val	number	0.5	Defines the value of the chosen interface thickness parameter type.

level set: reinitialization: elliptic

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
penalty parameter	number	0.0	Penalty parameter for the enforcement of the initial position of the zero level-set iso-surface during the elliptic reinitialization.
fixed point iteration	object		See table

level set: reinitialization: elliptic: fixed point iteration

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
max n steps	integer	5	Sets the maximum number of fixed point iterations.
tolerance	number	2.22507e-308	Set the tolerance for reinitialization. If the maximum change of the level set field exceeds the tolerance, reinitialization steps will be performed.

level set: reinitialization: geometric

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
verbosity	integer	0	Choose the verbosity level. 0 means silent, 1 means verbose.
max distance	number	1.61792e+308	Maximum distance from the zero-level-set where the signeddistance function is reconstructed.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
pseudo time stepping	object		See table
Continuous Galerkin	object		See table
Discontinuous Galerkin	object		See table

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: pseudo time stepping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
n initial steps	integer	-1	Defines the number of initial reinitialization steps of the level set function. In the default case, the number is set equal to the number of max n steps.
pseudo time step size	number	-1.0	Sets the reinitialization time step size. By default, it is computed from the cell size.
pseudo time step factor	number	1.0	Factor on the reinitialization time step size that is computed from the cell size.
max n steps	integer	5	Sets the maximum number of reinitialization steps.
tolerance	number	2.22507e-308	Set the tolerance for reinitialization. If the maximum change of the level set field exceeds the tolerance, reinitialization steps will be performed.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: Continuous Galerkin

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
implementation	string	meltpooldg	Choose the corresponding implementation of the reinitialization operation. Allowed values: - meltpooldg - adaflo
tangential diffusion factor	number	0.0	Factor that multiplies the normal diffusion factor, i.e., the diffusion length, to obtain the diffusion factor in the tangential direction.

level set: reinitialization: hyperbolic: Discontinuous Galerkin

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
factor diffusivity	number	0.25	Set the factor for diffusivity.
IP diffusion	number	100.0	Set the internal penalty for diffusivity.
use const gradient in RI	boolean	False	Set if the Godunov gradient should be updated every reinitialization step.
do CFL based time stepping	boolean	False	Sets a flag if the time stepping should be based on the CFL condition.
time integration scheme	string	LSRK_stage_5_order_4	Determines the general time integration scheme for the pseudo-time integration of the reinitialization equation. Allowed values: - not_initialized - LSRK_stage_1_order_1 - LSRK_stage_3_order_3 - LSRK_stage_5_order_4 - LSRK_stage_7_order_4 - LSRK_stage_9_order_5 - implicit_euler - explicit_euler - crank_nicolson - bdf_1 - bdf_2 - bdf_3 - bdf_4 - bdf_5 - bdf_6 - imex
IMEX integration scheme	string	not_initialized	If an IMEX integration scheme is specified, the integration in pseudo time of the reinitialization is done with an implicit-explicit scheme. This means that the diffusion part is treated with the IMEX integration scheme and the Hamiltonian is treated with the general time integration scheme. When choosing an implicit scheme with A-stability, larger time steps can be chosen, only limited by the stability of the Hamiltonian part. This is done since the diffusion part is the most restrictive part for explicit time integration schemes. If a scheme is set, the time step calculation based on a CFL number assumes an A-stable scheme and only calculates the time step based on the Hamiltonian. Allowed values: - not_initialized - LSRK_stage_1_order_1 - LSRK_stage_3_order_3 - LSRK_stage_5_order_4 - LSRK_stage_7_order_4 - LSRK_stage_9_order_5 - implicit_euler - explicit_euler - crank_nicolson - bdf_1 - bdf_2 - bdf_3 - bdf_4 - bdf_5 - bdf_6 - imex
CFL	number	1.0	Set a CFL number for the pseudo-time stepping in reinitialization.
avoid zero division smoothed signum	number	1e-16	Sets a constant to avoid zero division in the computation of the smoothed signum.
signum smoothness paramater	number	2.0	Sets the smoothness parameter for the smoothed signum.
use directed diffusion stabilization	boolean	False	Sets a flag if directed diffusion stabilization should be used for reinitialization.
hyperbolic weighting function_type	string	smoothed_signum	Sets the type of weighting function for the hyperbolic part of the reinitialization equation. Allowed values: - smoothed_signum - initial_levelset
use spatially constant diffusion	boolean	True	Sets a flag if a spatially constant diffusion should be used for reinitialization.
use interface movement penalization	boolean	False	Sets a flag if a penalization of the interface movement should be used.
gradient error time derivative threshold	number	1e-16	Sets the threshold in the time derivative when a reinitialization procedure reaches a stationary point.

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🔷 heat

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
fe	object		See table
operator type	string	diffuse	Choose the heat operator implementation. Options: diffuse, cut Allowed values: - diffuse - cut
cut	object		See table
enable time dependent bc	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to enable time-dependent bc.
diffuse	object		See table
radiative boundary condition	object		See table
convective boundary condition	object		See table
verbosity level	integer	-1	Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output.
nlsolve	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table
predictor	object		See table

heat: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	not_initialized	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	-1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

heat: cut

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
two phase	boolean	True	Set this parameter to “false” to ignore the gas phase.
theta	number	0.5	Parameter for one step theta time integration.
do explicit symmetry term	boolean	True	Set this parameter to true to consider the explicit symmetry term. Note: this parameter only applies if the setup is two-phase.
stabilization	object		See table

heat: cut: stabilization

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
nitsche parameter	number	1.0	Nitsche stabilization parameter.
ghost-penalty	object		See table

heat: cut: stabilization: ghost-penalty

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
gamma M degree 0	number	1.0	Mass matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 0.
gamma M degree 1	number	1.0	Mass matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 1.
gamma M degree 2	number	1.0	Mass matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 2.
gamma A degree 0	number	1.0	Stiffness matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 0.
gamma A degree 1	number	1.0	Stiffness matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 1.
gamma A degree 2	number	1.0	Stiffness matrix ghost-penalty parameter for degree 2.

heat: diffuse

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
use volume-specific thermal capacity for phase interpolation	boolean	False	Perform phase interpolation via the volumetric thermal capacity (product of density and capacity) instead of interpolating density and thermal capacity individually.

heat: radiative boundary condition

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
emissivity	number	0.0	Emissivity.
temperature infinity	number	0.0	Infinity temperature.

heat: convective boundary condition

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
convection coefficient	number	0.0	Convection coefficient.
temperature infinity	number	0.0	Infinity temperature.

heat: nlsolve

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
max nonlinear iterations	integer	10	Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with standard tolerances.
field correction tolerance	number	1e-10	Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.
residual tolerance	number	1e-09	Set the tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.
max nonlinear iterations alt	integer	0	Set the number of maximum nonlinear iterations with alternative tolerances.
field correction tolerance alt	number	1e-09	Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed correction of the unknown field.
residual tolerance alt	number	1e-08	Set the alternative tolerance for the maximum allowed residual of the nonlinear system.
verbosity level	integer	-1	Set to one for detailed solver output.

heat: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	GMRES	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	Diagonal	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

heat: predictor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	linear_extrapolation	Choose a predictor type: none: use old value as initial guess; zero: se zeros as initial guess; linear_extrapolation: calculate the predictor by a linear combination from the two old solution vectors; least_squares_projection: least squares projection (WIP) Allowed values: - none - zero - linear_extrapolation - least_squares_projection
n old solutions	integer	2	Choose the number of old solution vectors considered.This parameter is only relevant for least squares projection.For all other predictors, this parameter will be set appropriately.

---

🔷 laser

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
model	string	not_initialized	Laser model. analytical_temperature: see Mirkoohi et al. (2019); volumetric: volumetric heat source, the intensity is defined by “”intensity profile””; interface_projection: projection-based regularized continuum surface flux in “direction”, the intensity is defined by “”intensity profile””; interface_projection_sharp: projection-based sharp surface flux in “direction”, the intensity is defined by “”intensity profile””; interface_projection_sharp_conforming: projection-based sharp surface flux in “direction” on a conforming mesh, the intensity is defined by “”intensity profile””; RTE: continuum surface flux projected using the radiative transport equation in “direction”, supporting shadowing of undercuts, the intensity is defined by “”intensity profile””; Allowed values: - not_initialized - analytical_temperature - volumetric - interface_projection_regularized - interface_projection_sharp - interface_projection_sharp_conforming - RTE
intensity profile	string	Gauss	Laser intensity profile. uniform: note that the “power” input is treated as the uniform power density in the whole domain; Gauss: Gaussian laser intensity shape with “radius” that retains the “power”; Gusarov: see Gusarov et al. (2009); Allowed values: - uniform - Gauss - Gusarov
power	number	0.0	Laser power
power over time	string	constant	Temporal distribution of the laser power Allowed values: - constant - ramp
power start time	number	0.0	In case of time-dependent laser power: activation time of
power end time	number	1.79769e+308	In case of time-dependent laser power: end time of
absorptivity gas	number	1.0	Laser energy absorptivity of the gaseous part of the domain.
absorptivity liquid	number	1.0	Laser energy absorptivity of the liquid part of the domain.
starting position	string	``	Center coordinates of the laser beam starting position on the interface melt/gas.
scan speed	number	0.0	Scan speed of the laser
scan direction	string	``	Direction of laser motion as a vector
beam direction	string	``	Laser beam direction.
beam rotation axis	string	``	Axis around which the initial laser beam direction will be rotated. Relevant only in 3D.
beam rotation angle	number	0.0	Rotation angle applied to the laser beam direction (in 3D about ‘beam rotation axis’ following the right-hand rule; in 2D: as defined by the 2D rotation matrix
radius	number	0.0	Laser beam radius.
gusarov	object		See table
analytical	object		See table
dirac delta function approximation	object		See table

laser: gusarov

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
reflectivity	number	0.0	Reflectivity of the material.
extinction coefficient	number	0.0	Extinction coefficient in [1/m].
layer thickness	number	0.0	Layer thickness

laser: analytical

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
ambient temperature	number	0.0	Ambient temperature in the inert gas.
max temperature	number	0.0	Maximum temperature arising in the melt pool. If this temperature is lower than the boiling temperature, this value is corrected to correspond to the boiling temperature + 500 K.
temperature x to y ratio	number	1.0	This factor scales the analytical temperature field to be anisotropic.

laser: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	norm_of_indicator_gradient	Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface. Allowed values: - norm_of_indicator_gradient - heaviside_phase_weighted - heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - reciprocal_phase_weighted - reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - heavy_phase_only
auto weights	boolean	False	Choose if weights should be computed automatically.
gas phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).
gas phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

---

🔷 rte

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
fe	object		See table
rte verbosity level	integer	-1	Sets the maximum verbosity level of the console output. The maximum level with respect to the base value is decisive.
predictor type	string	none	Choose a predictor type. Allowed values: - none - pseudo_time_stepping
absorptivity type	string	gradient_based	Chooses the formulation of the absorptivity coefficient Allowed values: - constant - gradient_based
avoid singular matrix absorptivity	number	1e-16	Minimum value for absorptivity to ensure a non-singular matrix for RTE.
linear solver	object		See table
pseudo time stepping	object		See table
absorptivity	object		See table

rte: fe

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	not_initialized	Finite Element.FE_Q: hexahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_SimplexP: tetrahedral continuous finite element with polynomial degree p; FE_Q_iso_Q1: hexahedral continuous finite element with p subdivisions containing linear elements; FE_DGQ: hexahedral discontinuous finite element with polynomial degree p Allowed values: - not_initialized - FE_Q - FE_SimplexP - FE_Q_iso_Q1 - FE_DGQ
degree	integer	-1	Defines the degree p of the finite element type. If “type” is “FE_Q_iso_Q1” this parameter defines the number of subdivisions.

rte: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	GMRES	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	ILU	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

rte: pseudo time stepping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
diffusion term scaling	number	1.0	Scaling parameter of diffusion term.
advection term scaling	number	1.0	Scaling parameter of advection term.
pseudo time scaling	number	0.01	Determine the pseudo-time step as the product of this scaling and minimum cell size.
rel tolerance	number	0.001	Pseudo-time stepping relative tolerance.
time stepping	object		See table
linear solver	object		See table

rte: pseudo time stepping: time stepping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
start time	number	0.0	Defines the start time for the solution of the levelset problem
end time	number	1.79769e+308	Sets the end time for the solution of the levelset problem
time step size	number	0.0	Sets the step size for time stepping. For non-uniform time stepping, this parameter determines the size of the first time step.
max n steps	integer	1	Sets the maximum number of melt_pool steps
time step size function	string	0.0*t	Set an analytical function to determine the time step size. For the prediction of the new time increment, the old time is used.

rte: pseudo time stepping: linear solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
solver type	string	CG	Set this parameter for choosing an iterative linear solver type. Allowed values: - CG - GMRES
preconditioner type	string	ILU	Set this parameter for choosing a preconditioner type. Allowed values: - Identity - AMG - ILU - Diagonal
max iterations	integer	10000	Set the maximum number of iterations for solving the linear system of equations.
rel tolerance	number	1e-12	Set the relative tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
abs tolerance	number	1e-20	Set the absolute tolerance for a successful solution of the linear system of equations.
do matrix free	boolean	True	Set this parameter if a matrix free solution procedure should be performed.
monitor type	string	none	Set the monitor type of the linear solver. Allowed values: - none - reduced - all

rte: absorptivity

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
absorptivity gas	number	0.1	Sets the absorptivity of the gas phase.
absorptivity liquid	number	0.9	Sets the absorptivity of the liquid phase.
avoid div zero constant	number	1e-16	Sets the absorptivity of the gas phase.

---

🔷 flow

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
gravity	number	0.0	Set the value for the gravity
surface tension	object		See table
darcy damping	object		See table
adaflo	object		See table

flow: surface tension

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
surface tension coefficient	number	0.0	Constant coefficient for calculating surface tension
temperature dependent surface tension coefficient	number	0.0	Temperature-dependent coefficient for calculating temperetaure-dependent surface tension (Marangoni convection)
reference temperature	number	-1e+100	Reference temperature for calculating surface tension
interface temperature evaluation type	string	local_value	Type that determines how the temperature-dependent surface tension is computed in the interfacial zone. Allowed values: - local_value - interface_value
coefficient residual fraction	number	0.0	Define the minimum fraction of the constant surface tension reference value that can be reached.
zero surface tension in solid	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to only apply surface tension if the solid fraction is zero.
dirac delta function approximation	object		See table
time step limit	object		See table

flow: surface tension: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	norm_of_indicator_gradient	Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface. Allowed values: - norm_of_indicator_gradient - heaviside_phase_weighted - heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - reciprocal_phase_weighted - reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - heavy_phase_only
auto weights	boolean	False	Choose if weights should be computed automatically.
gas phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).
gas phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

flow: surface tension: time step limit

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to check whether the time step limit is not exceeded.
scale factor	number	1.0	Scale factor between 0 and 1 to compute the time step limit.

flow: darcy damping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
mushy zone morphology	number	0.0	Mushy zone morphology for Darcy damping
avoid div zero constant	number	0.001	This parameter exists to avoid division by zero in the Kozeny–Carman equation for the Darcy damping force.
formulation	string	implicit_formulation	Set the formulation of the Darcy damping force. Allowed values: - implicit_formulation - explicit_formulation

flow: adaflo

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
Navier-Stokes	object		See table
Output options	object		See table
Two phase	object		See table
Time stepping	object		See table

flow: adaflo: Navier-Stokes

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
dimension	integer	0	Defines the dimension of the problem. Not essential to the Navier-Stokes class, but useful in many applications.
global refinements	integer	1	Defines the number of initial global refinements. Not used in the Navier-Stokes class, but useful in many applications.
anisotropic refinement	boolean	False	defines whether the mesh should be refined anisotropically in normal direction to the interface, 0 means no anisotropy
simplex mesh	boolean	False	defines whether a simplex mesh has been provided, 0 means mesh with only quadrilaterals (2D) and hexahedra (3D) has been provided
adaptive refinements	integer	0	Defines the number of adaptive refinements. Not used in the Navier-Stokes class, but useful in many applications.
velocity degree	integer	2	Sets the degree for velocity. Pressure degree is velocity degree minus one. Currently implemented for orders 2 to 6
augmented Taylor-Hood elements	boolean	False	Option to choose the pressure space FE_Q_DG0(p_degree) instead of the standard space FE_Q(p_degree). This adds a constant discontinuous part to the pressure basis and gives element-wise divergence-free solutions. It produces solutions that are in general better but also a bit more expensive to compute.
viscosity	number	1.0	Defines the fluid dynamic viscosity
density	number	1.0	Defines the fluid density
damping	number	0.0	Defines the fluid damping
physical type	string	incompressible	Sets the type of equations, Navier-Stokes or Stokes. For Navier-Stokes, one can choose between a stationary and a time-dependent variant. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are the default. Allowed values: - incompressible - incompressible stationary - stokes
constitutive type	string	newtonian incompressible	Sets the type of constitutive equations. The incompressible Newtonian fluid assumption is the default case. Alternatively, a compressible Newtonian fluid formulation exploiting the Stokes hypothesis or a user defined type can be chosen. Allowed values: - newtonian incompressible - newtonian compressible stokes hypothesis - user defined
formulation convective term momentum balance	string	skew-symmetric	Sets the formulation of the convective term in the momentum balance of the Navier-Stokes equations, i.e. ∇·(u x u) =(u·∇)u + βu(∇·u). The parameter β will be set to 1 for the conservative form, to 0 for the convective form and to 0.5 for the skew-symmetric form (default formulation). Allowed values: - skew-symmetric - convective - conservative
Solver	object		See table

flow: adaflo: Navier-Stokes: Solver

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
NL max iterations	integer	10	Defines the maximum number of nonlinear Newton iterations.
NL tolerance	number	1e-06	Defines the tolerance in the residual l2 norm in the nonlinear Newton iteration.
linearization scheme	string	coupled implicit Newton	Sets how to treat the coupled nonlinear Navier-Stokes system. The ‘coupled’ variants solve for the full block system, whereas ‘projection’ applies a fractional-step pressure correction method with the solution of a pressure Poisson matrix. The nonlinear convective term can be treated by afull Newton iteration, a Picard iteration (fixed-point like), a semi-implicit approach with the same term as in the fixed-point like iteration but velocity extrapolated from the old time, and an approach where the complete convective term is treated explicitly. For the projection scheme, only the semi-implicit velocity treatment is implemented because iterating out the nonlinearity makes no sense. Allowed values: - coupled implicit Newton - coupled implicit Picard - coupled velocity semi-implicit - coupled velocity explicit - projection
tau grad div	number	0.0	Adds the term (div(v), tau div(u))to the weak form the momentum equation, which is consistent with the Navier-Stokes equations but penalizes the divergence more. This term is usually referred to as grad-div stabilization. It simplifies the solution of linear systems if tau is on the order of unity but not too large (as the added term is singular).
lin max iterations	integer	500	Maximum number of linear iterations
lin tolerance	number	0.001	Tolerance for the linear solver
lin relative tolerance	boolean	True	Sets whether the residual for the linear solver should be measured relative to the nonlinear residual (recommended option).
lin velocity preconditioner	string	amg linear	Sets the preconditioner for approximating the inverse of the velocity matrix in the Schur complement preconditioner. ‘amg linear’ uses a matrix based on subdividing FE_Q into several linear elements to create a matrix hierarchy. This might decrease interpolation quality, but AMG is typically much better for linears, so it is recommended for more complex problems with relatively large time steps or large viscosities, otherwise ILU. The method ‘ilu scalar’ is a simplified ILU that only constructs the ILU for one velocity block and applies the same operator to all components. It is cheaper to apply but approximates somewhat worse. Allowed values: - ilu - ilu scalar - amg linear - amg
lin pressure mass preconditioner	string	ilu	Sets whether the pressure mass matrix in the Schur complement should be represented by the diagonal only or by an ILU based on the full pressure mass matrix. Allowed values: - ilu - diagonal
lin its before inner solvers	integer	50	The linear solver comes in two flavors. A simple solver which uses only AMG V-cycles or ILUs as preconditioner components in the Schur complement, or a stronger solver with inner iterations. The variant with inner solves is less efficient when only a few iterations are needed, but much more robust and more efficient for many iterations. This option sets how many linear iterations with the cheap preconditioners should be made before the stronger version with more iterations starts.

flow: adaflo: Output options

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
output filename	string	``	Sets the base name for the file output.
output verbosity	integer	2	Sets the amount of information from the Navier-Stokes solver that is printed to screen. 0 means no output at all, and larger numbers mean an increasing amount of output (maximum value: 3). A value of 3 not only includes solver iterations but also details on solution time and some memory statistics.
output frequency	number	1.0	defines at with time interface the solution should be written to file (in supported routines)
output vtk files	integer	0	defines whether to output vtk files with the whole solution field or just collected point data
output wall times	boolean	False	Defines whether to output wall times. 0 means no output.
output memory	boolean	False	Defines whether to output memory. 0 means no output.

flow: adaflo: Two phase

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
density	number	-1.0	Density of fluid 1 (negative region of level set function). If given a positive value, overwrites density in Navier-Stokes subsection.
density difference	number	0.0	absolute difference in density compared to fluid 1
viscosity	number	-1.0	Dynamic viscosity of fluid 1 (negative region of level set function). If given a positive value, overwrites density in Navier-Stokes subsection.
viscosity difference	number	0.0	absolute difference in viscosity compared to fluid 1
surface tension	number	1.0	surface tension coefficient
epsilon	number	1.0	Width of diffuse interface, relative to mesh size for Level-Set method, but absolute for Cahn-Hilliard.
gravity	number	0.0	Gravity.
diffusion length	number	0.1	Diffusion length scale in Cahn-Hilliard. Its square equals the mobility and inverse Peclet number.
contact angle	number	0.0	defines the contact angle at solid interfaces, at boundaries with indicator 0 or 2
pressure constraint	boolean	True	Fixes value of pressure in one point to zero
concentration subdivisions	integer	2	Number of subdivision of Q1 elements in smaller elements to generate higher accuracy in level set/phase field
curvature correction	integer	0	if 1, extend the curvature to the value at the interface in normal direction
grad pressure compatible	boolean	False	if 1, the gradient in the surface tension force is interpolated from the pressure gradient
localize surface tension	boolean	True	if 1, the surface tension is computed from a gradient that is localized around the interface (from a reconstructed distance function), otherwise it is computed from the tanh profile (i.e., nonzero everywhere)
approximate projections	boolean	False	if 0, the normal and curvature in the level set method are computed by proper projection (full mass matrix and little diffusion), otherwise with diagonal mass matrix and time-dependent diffusion
Cahn-Hilliard do Newton	boolean	True	Sets whether a Newton iteration should be done on the Cahn-Hilliard equation (if on that model). If 0 is selected, use a convexity splitting as proposed by Eyre.
full nonlinear iteration	boolean	False	iterates between Navier-Stokes and concentration if enabled
number reinit steps	integer	2	number of iterations in reinitialization
number initial reinit steps	integer	0	reinitialization steps before starting the time loop (for bad initial profiles)
convection stabilization	boolean	False	add stabilization terms to advection equation if set to 1 (typically not necessary)

flow: adaflo: Time stepping

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
start time	number	0.0	Sets the start time for the simulation
end time	number	1.0	Sets the final time for the simulation
step size	number	0.01	Sets the step size for time stepping. For non-uniform time stepping, this sets the size of the first time step.
CFL number	number	0.8	Limits the time step size in terms of a condition dt <= CFL * dx /
CFL number capillary	number	10.0	Limits the time step size in terms of a condition dt <= CFL_cap * sqrt(rho/sigma) * dx^1.5, i.e., it represents a capillarity time step limit.
tolerance	number	0.01	Sets the tolerance for time step selection in non-uniform time stepping strategies.
max step size	number	1.0	Defines the maximum time step size in non-uniform strategies.
min step size	number	0.1	Defines the minimum time step size in non-uniform strategies.
scheme	string	bdf_2	Sets the time stepping scheme. Allowed options are explicit_euler, implicit_euler, crank_nicolson fractional0, fractional1, new_variant, and bdf_2. Allowed values: - explicit_euler - implicit_euler - crank_nicolson - bdf_2

---

🔷 evaporation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
evaporative mass flux model	string	analytical	Choose the formulation how the evaporative mass flux mDot (kg/(m2s)) will be calculated. Allowed values: - analytical - recoil_pressure - saturated_vapor_pressure - hardt_wondra - pressure_aware
interface temperature evaluation type	string	local_value	Choose the formulation how the (local) evaporative mass flux will be converted to a DoF vector.will be calculated. When the CutFEM heat transfer operator is used, this input parameter is ignored and the temperature is evaluated at the sharp interface which is equivalent to “sharp”. Allowed values: - local_value - interface_value
analytical	object		See table
hardt wondra	object		See table
pressure aware	object		See table
evaporative dilation rate	object		See table
evaporative cooling	object		See table
recoil pressure	object		See table
formulation source term level set	string	interface_velocity_local	Select the type how the evaporative mass flux should be considered in the level set equation. Allowed values: - interface_velocity_sharp - interface_velocity_sharp_heavy - interface_velocity_local - rhs
do level set pressure gradient interpolation	boolean	False	Set if the level set gradient for computing the delta function within the evaporative mass flux source terms should be computed based on an interpolation to the pressure space. This is only implemented for evapor_level_set_source_term_type = rhs.

evaporation: analytical

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
function	string	not_initialized	For evapor evaporation model == analytical, prescribe a spatially constant mass flux due to evaporation (SI unit in kg/m²s), as a function over time t , e.g. min(2.*t,0.01).

evaporation: hardt wondra

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
coefficient	number	0.0	Evaporation coefficient for the model by Hardt and Wondra.

evaporation: pressure aware

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
Km	string	``	Fitting parameters for the evaporative mass flux function with pressure-aware boundary conditions.
ambient gas pressure	number	0.0	Ambient gas pressure for the pressure-aware model.

evaporation: evaporative dilation rate

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to consider the evaporative dilation rate in the Navier-Stokes equation. This results in an evaporation-induced jump in the normal velocity component.
model	string	regularized	Select how the additional source term due to evaporation in the continuity equation (=evaporative dilation rate) is computed. Allowed values: - regularized - sharp

evaporation: evaporative cooling

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to consider evaporative cooling in the heat equation
enable linear activation ramp	boolean	True	Enable a linear activation ramp for evaporative cooling between the activation temperature and the boiling temperature. If enabled, the mass flux increases smoothly and linearly within this temperature range. Otherwise, the mass flux is computed directly without applying a ramp.
consider enthalpy transport vapor mass flux	string	default	Set this parameter to true to account for the enthalpy transported by the vapor mass flux in the heat equation. This is only recommended if the vapor mass flux is not considered in the Navier-Stokes equations. Allowed values: - default - true - false
activation temperature	number	-1e+100	Activation temperature for the evaporative cooling. It must be smaller than or equal to the boiling temperature. By default, it will be chosen such that the transition from the linear activation ramp is kink-free.
model	string	regularized	Select how the additional source term due to evaporation in the heat equation (evaporative cooling) is computed. Allowed values: - none - regularized - sharp - sharp_conforming
dirac delta function approximation	object		See table

evaporation: evaporative cooling: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	norm_of_indicator_gradient	Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface. Allowed values: - norm_of_indicator_gradient - heaviside_phase_weighted - heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - reciprocal_phase_weighted - reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - heavy_phase_only
auto weights	boolean	False	Choose if weights should be computed automatically.
gas phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).
gas phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

evaporation: recoil pressure

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to prescribe the evaporation-induced jump in the pressure field (i.e. recoil pressure), considered as an interfacial force in the momentum balance equation.If ‘evaporative dilation rate’ is enabled, this pressure jump will be added to the one resulting from the discontinuous normal velocity field.
enable linear activation ramp	boolean	True	Enable a linear activation ramp for recoil pressure between the activation temperature and the boiling temperature. If enabled, the recoil pressure increases smoothly and linearly within this temperature range. Otherwise, the recoil pressure is computed directly without applying a ramp.
subtract ambient pressure	boolean	False	Subtract ambient pressure from the recoil pressure. This can be used to ensure that the recoil pressure is zero at the boiling temperature.
ambient gas pressure	number	101300.0	Ambient gas pressure for the recoil pressure model.
pressure coefficient	number	0.55	Pressure coefficient for the recoil pressure model.
temperature constant	number	-1.0	Temperature constant for the recoil pressure model. If this parameter is not set, the value is computed by latent_heat_evaporation * molar_mass / universal_gas_constant;
sticking constant	number	1.0	Sticking constant.
interface distributed flux type	string	local_value	Type that determines how the recoil pressure force is computed in the interfacial zone. Allowed values: - local_value - interface_value
activation temperature	number	-1e+100	Activation temperature for the recoil pressure. It must be smaller than or equal to the boiling temperature. As default value, the boiling temperature is chosen.
dirac delta function approximation	object		See table
type	string	phenomenological	Choose the model to compute the recoil pressure coefficient: phenomenological or hybrid, in case there is also an evaporation-induced velocity jump. Allowed values: - phenomenological - hybrid - pressure_aware
pressure aware	object		See table

evaporation: recoil pressure: dirac delta function approximation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
type	string	norm_of_indicator_gradient	Choose how to smear a parameter over the interface. Allowed values: - norm_of_indicator_gradient - heaviside_phase_weighted - heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - reciprocal_phase_weighted - reciprocal_times_heaviside_phase_weighted - heavy_phase_only
auto weights	boolean	False	Choose if weights should be computed automatically.
gas phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to any phase weighted optionthis parameter controls the (first) weight of the heavy phase (level set = 1).
gas phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the gas phase (level set = -1).
heavy phase weight 2	number	1.0	If >>> dirac delta function approximation type <<< is set to >>> heaviside_times_heaviside_phase_weighted <<< this parameter controls the second weight of the heavy liquid/solid phase (level set = 1).

evaporation: recoil pressure: pressure aware

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
Kp	string	``	Fitting parameters for the recoil pressure calculation with pressure-aware boundary conditions.
ambient gas pressure	number	0.0	Ambient gas pressure for the pressure-aware model.

---

🔷 material

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
material template	string	none	If this parameter is initialized, the material parameters of the specified material will be used as template. Individual properties can be modified. However, be aware to put in the first place of the section in these cases. Allowed values: - none - stainless_steel - Ti64 - Ti64Benchmark
gas	object		See table
liquid	object		See table
solid	object		See table
solidus temperature	number	0.0	Solidus temperature (K).
liquidus temperature	number	0.0	Liquidus temperature (K).
apparent capacity type	string	qlq	Function type for the apparent capacity method to model latent heat during solidification. constant: apparent capacity is constant between the solidus and liquidus temperature; qlq: apparent capacity is given by a quadratic/quadratic function of temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperature (default); poly4_bell: apparent capacity is given by a bell-shaped quartic polynomial function of temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperature. Allowed values: - poly4_bell - constant - qlq
latent heat of fusion	number	0.0	Latent heat of fusion (J/kg)
boiling temperature	number	0.0	Boiling temperature (K).
latent heat of evaporation	number	0.0	Latent heat of evaporation (J/kg).
molar mass	number	0.0	Molar mass (mol/kg).
specific enthalpy reference temperature	number	-1e+100	Reference temperature of the specific enthalpy
two phase fluid properties transition type	string	smooth	Choose how to interpolate the properties over the interface. sharp: properties jump at heaviside = 0.5; smooth: properties are smeared between the phases proportional to the heaviside (default); consistent_with_evaporation: same as “smooth”, but the density is interpolated proportional by the harmonic mean. Allowed values: - sharp - smooth - consistent_with_evaporation
solid liquid properties transition type	string	mushy_zone	Choose how to interpolate the properties over between the liquid and the solid phase. mushy_zone: solid and liquid properties are interpolated between the solidus and liquidus temperature (default); sharp: the solid and liquid properties jump at the melting point, which is set via the solidus temperature. Allowed values: - mushy_zone - sharp

material: gas

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
thermal conductivity	number	0.0	thermal conductivity of the gas phase
specific heat capacity	number	0.0	specific heat capacity of the gas phase
density	number	0.0	density of the gas phase
dynamic viscosity	number	0.0	dynamic viscosity of the gas phase

material: liquid

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
thermal conductivity	number	0.0	thermal conductivity of the liquid phase
specific heat capacity	number	0.0	specific heat capacity of the liquid phase
density	number	0.0	density of the liquid phase
dynamic viscosity	number	0.0	dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase

material: solid

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
thermal conductivity	number	0.0	thermal conductivity of the solid phase
specific heat capacity	number	0.0	specific heat capacity of the solid phase
density	number	0.0	density of the solid phase
dynamic viscosity	number	0.0	dynamic viscosity of the solid phase

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🔷 output

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
directory	string	./	Sets the base directory for all output.
write frequency	integer	1	Every n timestep that should be written
write time step size	number	1.79769e+308	Write output output every given time step. If this parameter is set, the output write frequency is deactivated.
output variables	string	all	Specify variables that you request to output.
do user defined postprocessing	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to enable user defined postprocessing.
paraview	object		See table
particles	object		See table

output: paraview

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to activate paraview output.
filename	string	solution	Sets the base name for paraview output files.
n digits timestep	integer	4	Number of digits for the frame number of the vtu-file.
print boundary id	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to output a vtu-file with the boundary id.
output subdomains	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to output the subdomain ranks.
output material id	boolean	False	Set to true to output the material id.
write higher order cells	boolean	True	Set this parameter to false to write bi- or trilinear data only. Set this parameter to true to write higher order cell data. Note: higher order cell data can only be written for hexahedron meshes and 2 or 3 dimensions.
n groups	integer	1	Number of parallel written vtu-files.
n patches	integer	0	Control number of patches to enable high-order.

output: particles

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to activate particle paraview output.
filename	string	particle	Sets the base name for particle output files.

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🔷 profiling

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
enable	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true if profiling should be enabled. It will be automaticallyenabled for verbosity level >=1.
write time step size	number	10.0	Write profiling output every given time step size. If this parameter is set, the specified parameter for write frequency is overwritten.
time type	string	real	Choose the type of time measure to write profiling information. Allowed values: - real - simulation

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🔷 restart

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
save	integer	-1	Set this parameter to any number >= 0 to specify how many restart files should be kept. -1 means no restart save.
load	integer	-1	Set this parameter to any number >= 0 to specify which restart file should be loaded. -1 means no restart load.
write time step size	number	0.0	Write restart output every given time step size. If this parameter is set, the specified parameter for write frequency is overwritten.
time type	string	real	Choose the type of time measure to write Allowed values: - real - simulation
directory	string	``	Write restart directory
prefix	string	restart	Write restart prefix

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🔷 melt front propagation

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
set velocity to zero in solid	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to constrain the flow velocity in the solid domain.
do not reinitialize in solid	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true to forbid reinitialization of the level set field the solid domain.
solid fraction lower limit	number	1.0	Lower limit of the solid fraction for where the flow velocity / level set is set to zero if “mp set velocity to zero in solid” or “mp set level set to zero in solid” are enabled.

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🔷 application specific

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
do heat transfer	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true if you want to consider a coupling with heat transfer.
do solidification	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true if you want to consider melting/solidification effects.
do advect level set	boolean	True	Set this parameter to true if you want to advect the level set with the fluid velocity.
do extrapolate coupling terms	boolean	False	Set this parameter to true if you want to extrapolate the solution vectors for semi-explicit treatment of coupling terms.
amr	object		See table
coupling ls evapor	object		See table
mp heat up	object		See table
coupling heat evapor	object		See table

application specific: amr

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
strategy	string	generic	Select the AMR strategy. Allowed values: - generic - adaflo - KellyErrorEstimator
do auto detect frequency	boolean	False	Automatically determine the frequency of remeshing. If this parameter is set, the parameter amr: every n step is ignored.
automatic grid refinement type	string	fixed_number	If the cells are refined automatically (strategy generic/KellyErrorEstimator), choose between refine_and_coarsen_fixed_number and refine_and_coarsen_fixed_fraction. Allowed values: - fixed_fraction - fixed_number
do refine all interface cells	boolean	False	Enforce all cells with level set values between -0.975 and 0.975 to be refined.
refine gas domain	boolean	False	Refine the gas domain.
fraction of melting point refined in solid	number	1.0	Define a fraction of the melting point. Cells in the solid with a higher temperature are enforced to be refined.

application specific: coupling ls evapor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
n max iter	integer	1	Maximum number of iterations for nonlinear solution.
tol	number	1e-10	If the change of the l2-norm of the level set is smaller than ‘tol’, the iteration is stopped.

application specific: mp heat up

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
time step size	number	-1.0	Time step size until heat up is finished.
max change factor time step size	number	1.5	Maximum allowed factor of changing the time step size between two time steps.
max temperature	number	-1.0	Temperature at which heat up is finished.

application specific: coupling heat evapor

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
n max iter	integer	1	Maximum number of iterations for nonlinear solution.
tol	number	1e-10	If the change of the l2-norm of the level set is smaller than ‘tol’, the iteration is stopped.

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